Skin Allergies- Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Skin Allergies

Red, bumpy, or itchy skin? It may be a skin allergy. Skin allergy is a condition characterised by the reaction of the immune system to a substance/allergen by triggering a skin reaction causing rashes, itching, hives, etc.  Allergens like fragrances, chemicals in cosmetics, food allergens, nickel, pollen, etc. can all contribute to skin allergies. 

Skin allergies of all kinds are medically called hypersensitive reactions. Skin allergy is a condition when the body reacts to certain harmless substances identifying them as allergens. The exposure to these substances can be by any means including direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, etc. Skin allergies are one of the most common conditions affecting people worldwide. Skin allergies are diagnosed and treated by allergists or dermatologists.

Types of Skin Allergies

There are several skin allergy types, the most common ones include:

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

Atopic, the word refers to a condition that occurs together. Atopic dermatitis can cause dry, inflamed, and itchy skin, which develops patches or bumps. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition more common in children, though it can affect adults as well. It is linked to other allergic conditions, including allergic colds, asthma, hay fever, etc. Individuals suffering from atopic dermatitis may experience symptoms like skin rash, itchy skin, skin discoloration, swelling, etc. 

Hives

Hives are a very common condition that can appear at any age. Hives are characterised as a very itchy condition that can lead to raised welts or bumps on the skin, swelling under the skin, and can also cause painful swelling in the lips, eyes and inside the throat. Hives are usually caused by infection from bacteria or viruses. 

Angioedema

Angioedema is an allergic reaction that causes swelling in the deeper layers of the skin. It commonly affects the parts of the face like the eyes, lips, tongue, hands, feet, genitals, etc. The condition can cause swelling of the airways, intestine, etc. leading to medical emergency. Angioedema is caused by food allergens (milk, nuts, eggs), certain medicines,  natural rubber latex, etc. 

Contact Allergic Dermatitis

This type of skin allergy occurs when contacted with something the body is allergic to or something that irritates the skin. Contact allergic dermatitis is a common condition that causes red rashes on the skin, itchiness, small clusters of pimples or blisters, etc. The condition is commonly caused by touching metals like nickel, certain medications, chemicals, skin care products with fragrances, etc. 

Causes of Skin Allergies

Skin allergies can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Environmental Allergens

Environmental allergens are the substances in the surroundings that trigger allergic reactions. Common environmental allergens include pollen, mould, pet dander, dust mites etc. 

Food Allergens

Certain foods including nuts, shellfish, dairy, or eggs can cause skin reactions like hives, eczema, etc.

Contact Allergens

Substances like skincare products (fragrances, parabens, and preservatives), nickel in the jewelry, belts, and other metal can cause allergic reactions causing rashes, irritation, etc. 

Medications

Certain medications like antibiotics can cause allergic reactions resulting in skin rashes (10 common skin rashes in children), irritation, etc.

Insect Sting or Bite

Another factor leading to allergic reactions is stings from hornets, bees, wasps, or bites from mosquitoes and other insects. Insect sting or bite can lead to swelling, redness, and hives.

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Symptoms of Skin Allergies

The symptoms of skin allergies can vary depending upon the type of allergy and severity. The most common symptoms include: 

Itching

Itching is the most common symptom of various types of skin allergies. The skin may get irritated accompanied by a desire to scratch, which can worsen the irritation. 

Redness

Another common sign of skin allergy includes redness of the affected skin causing the skin to appear red and inflamed. 

Rashes

Rashes are common symptoms of various types of skin allergies. Individuals diagnosed with hives may experience symptoms like raised, red bumps, while eczema can cause dry, scaly patches.

Blisters

Blisters are fluid-filled bumps. Blisters usually show up in cases of contact dermatitis or allergic reactions to plants like poison ivy.

Darkening/Lightening of Skin

Prolonged skin allergy can lead to discoloration of the skin and changes in skin pigmentation leading to darkening or lightening of the affected area.

Flaking or Peeling

Skin allergies may also cause the skin to shed or peel. Flaking or peeling is common with eczema or allergic contact dermatitis.

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Treatment Options for Skin Allergies

The skin allergy treatment depends upon the type, severity of the condition, and the underlying cause behind the allergy. Some of the most common treatment options include:

Topical Treatment

Treatment involves using antihistamine creams, hydrocortisone creams, lotion, moisturizers, etc. to help reduce itching, swelling, and reduce irritation.

Oral Medicines

Medications like antibiotics, antihistamines, corticosteroids can help reduce symptoms like itching, swelling, and redness. Oral medicines can help reduce the effects of histamine. 

Avoiding the Allergen

Identifying the allergens and avoiding them is the most effective way to treat skin allergies. It involves avoiding certain foods, cosmetics, certain metals, and other allergens.

Cold Compress

Cold compress can help reduce and soothe irritated skin, alleviate itching and reduce inflammation. 

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is recommended for individuals who are more prone to allergic reactions. It involves gradual exposure to allergens to desensitize the immune system. 

Read More: Tips to boost your immune system

FAQs

Why am I getting skin allergies all of a sudden?

Skin allergy can result from various factors including exposure to allergens like certain foods, plants, metals, etc. triggering the immune system to overreact. 

What allergies cause itchy skin?

Allergies caused by pollen, food, pet dander, dust mites, and more can cause itchy skin. 

Which foods cause skin allergies?

Common food allergens that can cause skin allergies include milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat.

Which food is good for skin allergies?

Including food rich in omega 3 fatty acid, vitamin C, quercetin, etc. can help alleviate the symptoms of skin allergy. 

How to stop skin allergies immediately?

To immediately stop skin allergy, avoid the allergens irritating, apply cold compresses, take over-the-counter medicines, apply topical creams, etc. 

Can skin allergies be transmitted sexually?

Skin allergies are not typically transmitted sexually.

Home remedies for skin allergies?

Home remedies for skin allergies include, using cold compress, applying aloe vera gel, taking cold showers, etc.